Across North, Central, and South America, indigenous healing traditions developed sophisticated medical systems tailored to local environments and cultural understandings. Aztec medicine, documented in codices like the Badianus Manuscript (1552), described over 1,200 medicinal plants and complex surgical procedures, while maintaining a spiritual dimension that connected illness with cosmic and divine forces. In North America, tribal healers like the Navajo hataałii (medicine persons) practice ceremonies like the Blessing Way to restore harmony (hózhǫ́) between the patient and the universe. Throughout the Amazon rainforest, shamanic traditions incorporate ayahuasca, a powerful plant medicine prepared from Banisteriopsis caapi vine and Psychotria viridis leaves, used in ceremonial contexts for physical healing, psychological insight, and spiritual connection. These indigenous systems share common elements despite geographic separation they typically integrate physical treatments with spiritual practices, emphasize preventive care and community healing, and maintain deep knowledge of local medicinal plants that has provided the foundation for many modern pharmaceuticals, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and numerous cancer-fighting compounds. Today, these traditions face both challenges from cultural erosion and renewed interest as complementary approaches to conventional medicine. Shutdown123